Friction and the Variables of Friction Using a Wooden Block Essay Example for Free

Friction and the Variables of Friction Using a Wooden Block Essay I am going to perform an experiment on friction and the variables of friction using a wooden block, a piece of string and a Newton meter. I will test 3 variables: weight, surface area and surface texture. Each test will be repeated 5 times to get a fair range of results. Friction is the force of two objects rubbing together and slowing and/or stopping each other. The amount of friction produced depends on the appearance of its surface for example: The surface of the sandpaper has deep slopes and the surface of the paper has to move up and down those slopes to proceed, causing friction. My first test will be done to measure the affect of weight on the amount of friction between the block and the table top. The block ill be placed on the table and the Newton meter tied to it. Then the Newton meter will be pulled until the block starts to move and as soon as it does the amount of Newtons required to cause that movement will be recorded. This will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will: use the same Newton meter and the same wooden block to avoid introducing other variables; I will also use the same section of table using the same side of the block every time. I will be vigilant of how I pull the Newton meter, the moving force should be parallel to the supporting surface because pulling it up will lessen friction and pulling it down will increase friction. I predict that as the weight on the block increases so therefore does the down force, increasing the amount of friction because it becomes more difficult for the ridges to pass over each and so a block with less/smoother ridges would find its passage a lot easier. When the experiment was carried out, as I predicted, when the weight on the block increased so therefore did the Newtons required to move it from a fixed position. The test was done with 2 Newton meters over 2 days. Using the same Newton meter was impossible as it broke. My results were as follows: Weight of block = 2.0N Weight T1(N) T2(N) T3(N) T4(N) T5(N) Average(N) Block 1.2 0.8 1 1 1 1 Block + 1N 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8 2 1.7 Block + 2N 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 Block + 3N 2.2 2 3 3.2 3.3 2.7 Block + 4N 2.6 2.6 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 Block + 5N 2.8 3.5 4 3.5 3.6 3.5 In the first experiment weight was tested and a set of results produced. In this second experiment the surface area in contact with the desk will be tested. To obtain my results I will use the following method, the block will be placed on two sheets of paper a measured distance apart with a Newton meter tied to it. The block will then be pulled and as it begins to move the amount of Newtons required to cause this will be recorded. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will; as the same Newton meter ensuring non-introduction of new variables, use the same side of the block, use the same two pieces of paper and make sure the blocks movement is parallel to the supporting surface. I predict that as the surface area of the block exposed to the desk increases so will the amount of Newtons required to move it because there will be more sharper ridges to pass over therefore requiring more Newtons. My results were as follows: Exp mm2 T(n) T2(n) T3(n) T4(n) T5(n) Avg(N) 11.3 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.88 22.6 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.92.72 33.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.08 45.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.06 56.5 1.1 1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.86 68.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.96 My prediction on 1 or 2 of the results was correct or partially correct but on the whole I fear my prediction was incorrect as it seems the surface area (exposed to the desk) does not greatly affect the amount of Newtons that is required to move it, any affect it does have is not continual and seemingly erratic. The friction experiment has now been done with 2 variables: weight and surface area. I have now come to the third and final, surface texture. To test the affect of surface texture on friction, I will, Place the block on the surface with a Newton meter tied to it, the meter will then be pulled and as soon as the block shows signs of movement I will record the amount of Newtons needed. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will: unless it breaks use the same Newton meter, I will use the same block and the same side of the block every time, I will use the same substance/type of substance for instance making sure the sandpaper comes from the same sheet. I will also keep the movement of the block parallel to the supporting surface. Although smoothness is hard to measure I predict that the smoother a substance is to the touch, the less friction will be produced, because the smoother a substance is to the touch the less sharp or outstanding the ridges are, therefore the less resistance they cause. Key Substances: Silicon based carbon paper: Si Emery paper: Bs Sand paper: S Table top: TT Plastic Bag: Pb Substance T1(N) T2(N) T3(N) T4(N) T5(N) Average Si 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 Bs 2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.64 S 2 2 1.75 2 2 1.95 TT 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.94 Pb 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 As I predicted the smoother a substance feels to be, the less it causes resistance, as shown in the results. I followed my method very strictly any variation caused by my hand is small to negligible, and would not greatly affect the results. I have come to the conclusion that for a substance to reach minimal resistance it can achieve this being light weight, smoothly textured and have minimal contacting surface area with the opposing surface. If a substance is required to have maximum resistance it would be the opposite. I feel the experiment was performed rather well but there is room for improvement, to have maybe got fairer more accurate results I could have maybe repeated the experiment once or twice on all of them, then I would have more data to analyse giving me a better chance at accuracy. In all the three experiments instead of using the human hand to pull the Newton meter use a machine which would be less prone to inconsistency and use a table top free of blemishes. In the second experiment the block could have been placed on previously constructed platforms each measured to have 4 sides the same and those sides to be the measurements used meaning the non need of paper and a lot more accurate readings.

Hinduism and Buddhism Essay -- Religion religious Compare Contrast Ess

Hinduism and Buddhism The concept of God It is first of all necessary to establish what is meant by the term "God". This term is used to designate a Supreme Being endowed with the qualities of omnipotence and omniscience, which is the creator of the universe with all its contents, and the chief lawgiver for humans. God is generally considered as being concerned with the welfare of his human creatures, and the ultimate salvation of those who follow his dictates. God is therefore a person of some kind, and the question whether such an entity exists or not is fundamental to all theistic systems. In contrast to this notion of a personal God some modern theologians have interpreted the term "God" as representing some kind of abstract principle of good. This view was first developed in the ancient Indian Upanishads where God is equated with an abstract principle, the Brahman. The ancient Indian philosophers could entertain such a view because they also had a theory of karma, which really does away with the need for a personal God. Buddhists too have a theory of karma, which is different from that of the Hindus, and which even more unequivocally dispenses with the need for a deity. The use of the term "God' to denote an abstract reality by monotheistic theologians who have no theory of karma is difficult to justify, consequently this is merely a device to explain away the contradictions that arise from the notion of a personal God. In fact the actual practice of theistic religion proceeds as if God is a real person of some kind or other. Buddhism Buddhist gods Buddhism has 33 Gods the most potent one of them all is Indra. It is Buddhist beliefs that the gods and spirits are with us persistently. The mountain Meru can be compared with mount Olympus of the Greek gods. Buddhists believe that on top of this sacred mountain are the 33 gods with Indra as their principal. Buddhism primary principal is moral strength and exercises. It is concluded in three regions. The first is the principles of lust, which belongs to the realm of animals, humans and various divine essences. The realm of the gods consists of six levels, which are the liberation of material desires. The subsequent region compromises entities that are born in the dominion of the Braham gods liberated from lust and wishes, they constitute a term of embodiment. They divide in four stages wh... ...e if one means by originality an idea or an utterance not found previously in any creed or philosophy, or never before inculcated by any moral and spiritual leader, then surely you cannot find it anywhere. Neither Abraham nor Moses nor Jesus nor Buddha nor Muhammed said anything that could not be found either in the religious tradition in which they were born or in creeds and philosophies in other times and places. Many of the great moral teachers often make a direct reference to others, and even if they do not, one can relate their ideas to something that has gone before. To Pernilla Thank you for being patient and I apologize for not turning it in the day I was to. Enjoy your trip. Sources: Internet www.hinduweb.com www.islam-guide.com www.buddhanet.com CD-ROM Encyclopedia Websters concise interactive Encyclopedia Printed in 1996 by Merriam-Webster Microsoft Encarta Uppslagsverk 2001 Printed in 2001 by Microsoft Corporation Books Religions for Today Authour: Roger Whiting Stanley Thornes Publisher Ltd Printed in 1991 The New Webster’s International Encyclopedia Revised Edition 1998 Edition and published by Trident Press International

Bill Gates: the Man Behind the Success of Microsoft

William Henry â€Å"Bill† Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former CEO and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third, in 2011 he was the wealthiest American and the second wealthiest person. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with 6. percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000. Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman

Overview of the Branches of Chemistry

There are several branches of chemistry. Here is a list of the main branches of chemistry, with an overview of what each branch of chemistry studies. Types of Chemistry Agrochemistry - This branch of chemistry may also be called agricultural chemistry. It deals with the application of chemistry for agricultural production, food processing, and environmental remediation as a result of agriculture. Analytical Chemistry - Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry involved with studying the properties of materials or developing tools to analyze materials. Astrochemistry - Astrochemistry is the study of the composition and reactions of the chemical elements and molecules found in the stars and in space and of the interactions between this matter and radiation. Biochemistry - Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical reactions that occur inside living organisms. Chemical Engineering - Chemical engineering involves the practical application of chemistry to solve problems. Chemistry History - Chemistry history is the branch of chemistry and history that traces the evolution over time of chemistry as a science. To some extent, alchemy is included as a topic of chemistry history. Cluster Chemistry - This branch of chemistry involves the study of clusters of bound atoms, intermediate in size between single molecules and bulk solids. Combinatorial Chemistry - Combinatorial chemistry involves computer simulation of molecules and reactions between molecules. Electrochemistry - Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that involves the study of chemical reactions in a solution at the interface between an ionic conductor and an electrical conductor. Electrochemistry may be considered to be the study of electron transfer, particularly within an electrolytic solution. Environmental Chemistry - Environmental chemistry is the chemistry associated with soil, air, and water and of human impact on natural systems. Food Chemistry - Food chemistry is the branch of chemistry associated with the chemical processes of all aspects of food. Many aspects of food chemistry rely on biochemistry, but it incorporates other disciplines as well. General Chemistry - General chemistry examines the structure of matter and the reaction between matter and energy. It is the basis for the other branches of chemistry. Geochemistry - Geochemistry is the study of chemical composition and chemical processes associated with the Earth and other planets. Green Chemistry - Green chemistry is concerned with processes and products that eliminate or reduce the use or release of hazardous substances. Remediation may be considered part of green chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry - Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the structure and interactions between inorganic compounds, which are any compounds that arent based in carbon-hydrogen bonds. Kinetics - Kinetics examines the rate at which chemical reactions occur and the factors that affect the rate of chemical processes. Medicinal Chemistry - Medicinal chemistry is chemistry as it applies to pharmacology and medicine. Nanochemistry - Nanochemistry is concerned with the assembly and properties of nanoscale assemblies of atoms or molecules. Nuclear Chemistry - Nuclear chemistry is the branch of chemistry associated with nuclear reactions and isotopes. Organic Chemistry - This branch of chemistry deals with the chemistry of carbon and living things. Photochemistry - Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with interactions between light and matter. Physical Chemistry - Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that applies physics to the study of chemistry. Quantum mechanics and thermodynamics are examples of physical chemistry disciplines. Polymer Chemistry - Polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry is the branch of chemistry the examines the structure and properties of macromolecules and polymers and finds new ways to synthesize these molecules. Solid State Chemistry - Solid state chemistry is the branch of chemistry that is focused on the structure, properties, and chemical processes that occur in the solid phase. Much of solid state chemistry deals with the synthesis and characterization of new solid state materials. Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy examines the interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength. Spectroscopy commonly is used to detect and identify chemicals based on their spectroscopic signatures. Thermochemistry - Thermochemistry may be considered a type of Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry involves the study of thermal effects of chemical reactions and the thermal energy exchange between processes. Theoretical Chemistry - Theoretical chemistry applies chemistry and physics calculations to explain or make predictions about chemical phenomena. There is overlap between the different branches of chemistry. For example, a polymer chemist typically knows a lot of organic chemistry. A scientist specializing in thermochemistry knows a lot of physical chemistry.

Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 949 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: I Have a Dream Essay Martin Luther King Essay Did you like this example? Â  Rhetorical analysis of I Have a Dream Martin Luther King, Jr delivered a historic speech, I have a Dream, to more than 250,000 people on August 1963. The speech took place at Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. His speech is still regarded as one of the most influential speech that have ever presented. The way speech engages audience is phenomenal. The speech depicts the struggle faced by African American people. King has referenced the American way of life to persuade his vision of equality for all American people. It has covered all the reason that led America to Civil Right movement by using facts, emotions and logics why all the American must be given equal rights. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech" essay for you Create order As the March of Washington gathered half a million people for the protest, King utilizes the march to have his voice heard. He referenced to the fact that, Five score year ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation I Have a Dream, American Rhetoric (Martin Luther King). It helped to engage the audience to think that the need of the movement was crucial. Not only it portrays the fact that racial discrimination has been still in position, it would still be an issue even after 100 years if any action against it is not taken. King supports his argument with an example of present segregation, and Negros unfortunate reality to be an exile in their own land and poverty. His credibility of presenting facts made himself as someone to trust his words and the plans he has for ending the racial discrimination. King expressed his emotions throughout the speech. He talks about his children that would be directly be affected by the discrimination. He says, his four children will one day live in a nation where they will not only be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character I Have a Dream, American Rhetoric (Martin Luther King). He makes himself vulnerable as his children would have to be defined for what they are not, that is with their color of skin instead of the character and their ability to bring the positiveness to the society. He feels the joy to deliver the speech in front of the people that mattered to him. He brings the founding fathers of America and their way to American life, liberties, and pursuit of happiness have failed and have impacted most people on their own land. King states that all men, yes all black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights I have a Dream, American Rhetoric (Martin Luther King). Using of phrases s uch as and the glory of the lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together proves that he is a faithful man and is trying to look up for the people. Â  Martin Luther King seems to be knowledgeable about what is the way America should have been. Mentioning as much sources and deliver them in such a tone that everyone would feel energetic has made himself believable. Mentioning declaration of independence, he makes sure that he is not only referencing black people, but also white people who wanted independence from Great Britain and had to fight for it. He adds powerful words and emotions such as, this is no time to engage in luxury of cooling off or to take a tranquilizing drug of gradualism I have a Dream, American Rhetoric (Martin Luther King). Dr. King have used many logical explanations to the speech as well. To articulate his speech, hes used many facts and scenarios to provide logic to his dream. He says, the marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people I have a Dream, American Rhetoric (Martin Luther King), claiming that all white people are not as bad and are to be stereotyped as discriminator. He respects and understands what audience wants, equality, however he doesnt let the situation drive as a hate speech. He proceeds by stating that some white people have realized what they have done and are ready to fight for their freedom. King also references that black people have been given a bad check having insufficient funds. This analogy has made people think that the issue have already been addressed however havent been implemented. King tries to unite the nation rather than dividing people in a group where they fight with themselves. His logical explan ation such as, we cannot walk alone, and as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead, we cannot turn back I have a Dream, American Rhetoric (Martin Luther King) makes large amount of audience calm down of the situation and proceed with peace and precautions. Its phenomenal when King could use his words to manipulate the audiences mind for good. He also gives an example saying the dream is to enable an equality where a black boys and black girls will be able to study and play with white brothers and sisters. In conclusion, a speech I have a Dream by Martin Luther King was presented in a way which engaged audience with passion, energy and logic. The speech had significant amount of rhetoric devices such as ethos, logos and pathos to articulate Kings dream about ending racial discrimination. King has not only presented many facts, he has used emotions and logic to prove his emotion how he is someone trustworthy and how he can guide American people to the freedom. He refers American freedom as not only black peoples dream but also tried to engage white peoples feelings and their contribution towards freedom of all Americans.

Motives For Terrorism Essay - 1084 Words

Terrorism is a type of violence used tactically in peace, conflict, and war. The threat of terrorism is ever present, and an attack is likely to occur when least expected. In trying to find out what factors can cause an individual to choose terrorism, it is first necessary to define what terrorism is. The Department of Defense defines terrorism as â€Å"the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.† Per the definition, the terrorists are not giving into a whim of random acts, but these individuals are using calculated moves in order to achieve the purpose of the group. Simply†¦show more content†¦This type of motivation is found to be a â€Å"faith† of the terrorist. The individual does not consider the actions taken to achieve the agenda wrong and may tend to project antisocial motivations onto others, creating a polarized â€Å"we versus they† outlook.(3) These members attribute only evil motives to anyone outside the group. The resulting clarity of purpose appeals to those who crave violence to relieve their constant anger. The other common characteristic of the psychologically motivated terrorist is the pronounced need to belong to a group. With some terrorists, group acceptance is a stronger motivator than the stated political objectives of the organization. Such individuals define their social status by group acceptance. More often than not the groups goal may be nearly impossible to achieve. A group that achieves its stated purpose is no longer needed; thus, success threatens the psychological well being of its members. When a terrorist group approaches a stated goal, there may be an inclination to redefine it. The group may reject the achievement as false or inadequate or the result of the duplicity of â€Å"them†. When a solution is close to being reached, objectives change. One effective psychological defense against success is to define goals so broadly that they are impossible to achieve. Even if the world proclaims the success of a political movement, theShow MoreRelatedTerrorism Centred On Religious Motives And Aims Adopt Features That Engender1270 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism centred on religious motives and aims adopt features that engender them to be more susceptible to committing severe acts of violence when compared with secular terrorist actors. Unlike secular groups, religious terrorist’ quests to attain the divine is often not bound by a region or state, they often seek global dominance and wish for their violent acts to coerce political goings transnationally and achieve mass violence on an international scale(?). 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Sport Governance and Strategy for Ball Sports - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSport Governance and Strategyfor Ball Sports Victoria. Answer: Analysis of the financial statements of Ball Sports Victoria The financial performance of Ball Sports Victoria has been significantly poor owing to the various external and internal factors that have led to a loss of $32k. In order to review the financial statement of Ball Sports Victoria, it is essential to analyse the income statement of the firm for the years 2011 and 2012. In the income section, it has been observed that a higher percentage of income has been gained from the membership fees and a very small amount has been gained from advertising. The income for the year in 2011 has been $350,864 and it has increased to a significant amount in the year 2012, which has been $455,607. On the other hand, with the rise in income in the year 2012, the expenses of the company has even increased at a vast level. The expenses for the year 2011 has been $339,646 and for the year 2012 has been $487,782. It has been observed that member affiliation and insurance has been the highest expenses incurred by the company. In the year 2011, Ball Sports Vict oria had an operating surplus of $11,217, however, in the year 2012, the company had a drastic change as the level of expenses increased with respect to the level of income and therefore the company had an operating deficit of $32,176. The company was unable to create any surplus and therefore it is essential for the firm to increase their income from various other sources as well. The analysis of the equity statement has even revealed that the accumulated surplus balance as on 30/06/2011 has been 27,184 but owing to the operating deficit in the year 2012, there has been an accumulated deficit of $4993. Thus, it can be said that the company has faced a significant amount of cash flow pressure, which has led to rise in their risk and therefore the company needs to improve their risk assessment process thereby improving the financial position of the firm. There are various matters of concern that requires to be addressed in order to improve the financial position of the firm. It has been observed that the level of income has not increased with respect to the level of expenses. The company is mostly dependent on the membership fees that are gained from the members. Thus, it is essential for the company to undertake various events and programs from which the company can increase their level of income. Ball Sports Victoria requires to create a relation with the local authorities so that new and event can be coordinated in an effective manner. In case of any events, the registrations should be undertaken from beforehand giving the members sufficient time to apply for the event. The analysis of the financial statement of Ball Sport Victoria has revealed that the company requires to increase their level of income in order to cope with the expenses and even needs to undertake new and improved strategies that can improve the operations of the firm and lower the cash flow pressure. The increase the income would lead to improvement in the services to the members and the clubs, construction of growth programs to the juniors, improve the resources for the officials and coaches and build their own event. The main motive of Ball Sports Victoria is to increase their operating surplus in order to increase their returns. The analysis of the financial statement of Ball Sports Australia can be explained as an unsettled one and therefore the company with the help of new and improved strategies can bring in positivity in the future financial statements. Bibliography Beatty, A. and Liao, S., 2014. Financial accounting in the banking industry: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2), pp.339-383. Brggemann, U., Hitz, J.M. and Sellhorn, T., 2013. Intended and unintended consequences of mandatory IFRS adoption: A review of extant evidence and suggestions for future research. European Accounting Review, 22(1), pp.1-37. Filip, A., 2016. Discussion of Do Reviews by External Auditors Improve the Information Content of Interim Financial Statements. The International Journal of Accounting, 51(1), pp.51-56. Van Auken, H. and Carraher, S., 2013. Influences on frequency of preparation of financial statements among SMEs. Journal of Innovation Management, 1(1), p.143.