Safeguarding Essay Example

Shielding Essay Diagram key enactment and guidelines which oversee protecting grown-ups work. In this piece of the task I will express the primary key purposes of each bit of enactment and how it is applied by and by. Defending Vulnerable Adults proposal bit of enactment was presented on the eighth November 2006, the entire thought of this demonstration is to ensure grown-ups who are in danger of maltreatment because of a powerlessness. For instance, somebody with Down condition might be more in danger of getting manhandled because of their absence of social abilities and information. The key purposes of this enactment are? Each representative needs a CRY/DBS check, particularly inside a wellbeing and social consideration condition. This can keep oppressive circumstances from happening. Each and every working environment has their approaches and methods to ensure that they follow this demonstration. Recovery of Offenders Act teethe restoration of wrongdoers act 1974 of the I-J Parliament empowers some criminal feelings to be overlooked after a recovery period. Key purposes of this enactment include: For grown-ups, the recovery time frame is 5 years for most non-custodial sentences. For a youthful guilty party younger than 18, the recovery time frame is commonly a large portion of that or grown-ups. Jail sentences of beyond what 2 h years can never been spent. The recovery time frame is dictated by the sentence, and starts from the date of the conviction. After this, if there has been no further conviction the conviction is spent. The Ex wrongdoer might not need to make reference to what they have done while going after a position. Http://www. Enactment. Gob. UK/hole/1974/53 21907521653500Depending on the conviction, it relies upon what amount time is spent: How is this applied by and by? We will compose a custom article test on Safeguarding explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Safeguarding explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Safeguarding explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The recovery guilty parties act shields wrongdoers from segregation while going after a Position because of their past records. It likewise makes it feasible for them to have an ordinary existence, especially on the off chance that they have carried out their punishment and are urgent to get the past behind them. The Police Act 1997 The police demonstration was presented in 1997. This was a consequence of the Danceable slaughter which occurred in 1996. The Danceable slaughter occurred in a school where a man strolled into a school and shot 16 kids and an educator over the course of about three minutes. This was the explanation the police demonstration was presented, absolutely so slaughters like these can't occur any longer. No individual is permitted to convey a gun without a permit. Another explanation regarding why the police demonstration was presented was so police approach PCs, cell phones and cameras. This is on the off chance that the police think somebody is dubious, they might have the option to back it up with verification, for instance, on the off chance that somebody is holding obscene substance on their PC/PC the police will have the option to discover and look through the PC to discover the evidence theyre searching for. This demonstration will assist with protecting grown-ups later on by making the open mindful that the police can without much of a stretch access telephones, PCs and cameras. In this way individuals are more averse to o the wrongdoing as they are more in danger of being gotten. The Sexual Offenses Act 1976 The demonstration was presented in 1976. This was on the grounds that the legislature needed harder sentences against grown-up sex offenses. The demonstration supplements the new criminal Justice act, under genuine sex assaults will get compulsory life sentences. The key purpose of this enactment is to ensure defenseless grown-ups, cause them to feel safe, have standard CRY/DBS checks. On the off chance that an individual has been put on the sexual guilty parties list, at that point they could be on there for a mind-blowing remainder, or as long as five years relying upon how their legal dispute goes. A couple of greater focuses are: In 2003 the sexual offenses act changed so individuals can even be indicted from having horrendously unseemly photographs to blazing or even assault and inappropriate behavior. Individuals indicted for a sexual offense must enlighten the police regarding their living courses of action and in the event that they are wanting to move they should advise the police so the police can examine if the house is reasonable. On the off chance that they need to leave the nation they should get consent despite the fact that by and large nations won't permit them in at any rate. Http://www. Cups. Gob. UK/news/fact_sheets/sexual_offences/It makes new arrangements about sexual offenses, their inversion and the assurance of youngsters from hurt from other sexual acts and associated purposes. This at that point implies that sex guilty parties can't work with defenseless grown-ups or kids, if they somehow happened to go after an unacceptable Position, they could be sentenced. Care Standards Act broadly least guidelines were distributed in 2003 keeping the consideration gauges act 2000. They structure the premise of the investigation of a consideration setting to shield a patient from being mishandled/dismissed. Various variants of national least norms exist for every class of a consideration setting: Care home for more seasoned individuals (65+) Care home for grown-ups (18-65) Domiciliary consideration custom made. Medical caretaker offices Adult arrangement plots This law supplanted a law called the enlisted homes act 1984 which directed nursing in private homes. Its motivation is to have control of the entire idea of care and to direct the individuals who give it. They will make ordinary checks to guarantee that all the laws and strategies/methodology are being followed. Care administrations it covers incorporate free encouraging organizations, domiciliary social consideration suppliers, private family communities and all inclusive schools. How is this applied by and by? Hearty reoccurred ought to be set up for reacting to doubt or proof of misuse or disregard to guarantee the security and assurance of people. Psychological wellness Act 1983 The emotional well-being act was first presented in 1983 (further altered in 2007) and sets out how you can be dealt with on the off chance that you have a psychological issue, and what your privileges are. It was acquainted with stop any individual getting separated, to secure people groups wellbeing and furthermore to ensure every one of your privileges are secured. Constantinople have various kinds of mental issue and they can be admitted to emergency clinic without wanting to under this demonstration. This incorporates individuals with extreme mental disability, psychopathic confusion or psychological instability. Patients are possibly separated on the off chance that they are a danger to themselves or others. For a patient to be segmented it must be endorsed by two specialists and a social laborer, even at times a nearby family member. How does this assistance stop misuse? In the past individuals could be separated by somebody who despised them or needed them off the beaten path, because of this law, nobody can be segmented except if they should be. Intellectual ability Act 2005 The intellectual ability act 2005 came into power in England and Wales in 2007. This demonstration overhauled the lawful system for acting and settling on choices in the interest of powerless people who come up short on the intellectual ability to settle on specific choices, for instance in the event that someone is extremely sick, it might be turning of an actual existence bolster machine. This demonstration applies to anybody matured 16 or over. It ensures individuals with emotional wellness issues just as individuals with dementia, learning inabilities, strokes or mind wounds. Individuals with emotional wellness issues may think that its hard to settle on choices a few or even constantly. How does the demonstration bolster powerless individuals? Securing the individuals who can't settle on their own choices Making it clear who can settle on choices for the people sake Allowing individuals to settle on certain choices ahead of time for themselves(living will) Providing another assistance to help the individuals who have nobody to assist them with deciding. Preparing. This demonstration additionally expresses that anybody can prepare for when they may need intellectual ability by utilizing an enduring intensity of lawyer. Enduring intensity of lawyer is somebody who settle on choices for their sake. This incorporates choices about property and money related issues just as wellbeing and individual government assistance choices. Inability Discrimination Act 1995 changed 2005 The incapacity separation act 1995 means to end the segregation that faces numerous individuals with handicaps. This demonstration has been essentially expanded, including by the handicap segregation request 2006. It was acquainted with guarantee that those with an incapacity have equivalent open doors in regular circumstances. The key purposes of this law are, it currently gives individuals with incapacities rights in the territories of: Employment Education Access to products, offices and administrations, including bigger exclusive hangouts and transport administrations. Purchasing or leasing land/property Functions of open bodies How is it incorporated to help defend grown-ups? To address a portion of the functional challenges that these boundaries present, the incapacity enactment, not at all like other enemy of separation enactment makes a positive obligation on businesses and specialist organizations to make sensible acclimation to their strategies and premises where sensible and fitting, for example, slopes and lifts. AS/For this piece of the undertaking, you are required to exhibit your insight by delivering a network that recognizes and diagrams w working techniques and methodology set up to help protect defenseless grown-ups. What is a law? A law is something that has been made permanent and won't change for a specific reverberates is a procedure? A system is the means by which you accomplish something yet this likewise relies upon what setting you are in. Diverse working systems might be distinctive for each care home Guidance Brief framework How can it help ensure the people? The insurance of defenseless grown-ups plot for grown-up arrangement (OVA) The Protection of Vulnerable Adults Scheme (OVA) has been acquainted with assistance limit misuse and includes checking records to evaluate the reasonableness of individuals to fill in as care

Cultural and Diversity Management Interview

Social and Diversity Management Interview Presentation Cultural and assorted variety the board is foremost to the accomplishment of current associations. The world contains numerous areas and individuals who have fluctuating semantic capacities, strict affiliations, and races among different angles. These components offer ascent to diversity.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Cultural and Diversity Management Interview explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the significance of social and assorted variety the executives in the achievement of both individual and hierarchical objectives. This paper gives knowledge into social and decent variety the board by breaking down two meetings directed on people from various foundations. Strategy The meeting applies different advances that give the premise to gathering information on assorted variety and social varieties among the people. The inquiries questions are open-finished to empower the interviewee elucidate t he issues instead of giving straightforward replies answers. Therefore, the questioner acquired more data about their encounters in their social surroundings. The questioner directed the meeting looking for explanations where the experience was hazy. Local Diversity My first respondent was a Japanese resident who announced having worked in the United States throughout the previous nine years. Questioner: What have you accomplished from the embracement of decent variety and multiculturalism in your association? Interviewee: The world has become a pool of people who originate from differing social and racial starting points. Therefore, they have arranged mentalities on different circles of living. Working with individuals from various social groupings brings advances the achievement of shared objectives, inspiration, and between ethnic acknowledgment. These varieties have given me abilities to recognize different tastes of life, feelings, points of view, and one of a kind encounters. Sharing beneficial encounters has differently enlivened me very nearly giving up.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interviewer: As Japanese, how has been your work involvement with the United States? Interviewee: I have obtained a plenty of encounters that, for example, fundamental abilities, acknowledgment of social decent variety, continuance, and racial bias among others. The United States is a multi-refined landmass with the most noteworthy number of individuals who originate from different mainlands. I have figured out how to fuse the thoughts of different societies in individual and work environment dynamic procedures. Questioner: What are the advantages that accumulate from this social mindfulness and decent variety? Interviewee: The advantages that collect from the presence of assorted variety have altogether extended my viewpoints on different work environme nt issues identified with the executives. Decent variety has improved my imagination and development abilities. While trying to look after decent variety, people utilize their uniqueness as a distinguishing proof apparatus. Decent variety and social consideration in the workplace have differently helped me to figure educated choices. I have wandered into various developments and disclosures. Prior this year, the science club in our school was associated with a venture to crusade for a specific change in our school. As a functioning part, I was picked to lead the logical development. The embracement of multiculturalism in foundations additionally advances the control and upkeep of ethics and suitable conduct among individuals. Individuals endeavor to keep up their way of life through good uprightness and adherence to its arrangements. Investigation Variations that exist among various individuals support the comprehension and energy about assorted variety. The affirmation of the pract ices, mentalities, recognitions, and estimations of others enormously impacts one’s conduct. For example, learning the way of life of others encourages people to comprehend and regard them.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Cultural and Diversity Management Interview explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Diversity delivers the valuation for shifted esteems that include the way of life of others for the advancement of a tranquil concurrence. This condition of occasions constructs a comprehension of the race, age, physical, strict, social, political, ethnic, and sexual contrasts that exist among different people. Conversation The embracement of decent variety in various topographical, racial, and social zones causes a person to build up a comprehension of different hierarchical problems that have noteworthy impacts the definition of sound administration choices. Romanenko (2012) asserts that understudies from different pieces of the world can perform better when contrasted with those from a similar area if decent variety is grasped in the learning organizations. The impression of representatives and their commitment in the authoritative exercises are foremost to the achievement of assorted variety activities. The meeting uncovers that associations ought to consider the representative inclusion as a vital piece of their prosperity techniques (Romanenko, 2012). Learning The meeting gave understanding into the energy about assorted variety and multiculturalism. Unmistakably different advantages collect from the usage of decent variety among organizations that involve diverse social and racial directions. The meeting additionally uncovers that the inability to grasp social and assorted variety incorporation in associations can ruin the achievement of different business objectives. Nonetheless, hierarchical pioneers should assume a urgent job in guaranteeing that they acknowledge various people by receiving the board procedur es that offer equivalent chances, particularly in the work environment. In the light of the meeting, a more prominent digestion and ingestion of societies will achieve the incorporation of assorted abilities in the association. This circumstance advances the achievement of the authoritative objectives (Andrevski, Richard, Shaw, Ferrier, 2014). Social Variations and Diversity The subsequent meeting included a Black American, who worked in an open association in the United States. Having been in the open area for two or three decades, the respondent elucidates different encounters that she has picked up from the presence of social varieties and diversity.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Questioner: How would you see the administration of the world’s assorted variety populaces in the open association? Interviewee: The world has different populaces that current special societies to the worldwide circle. The mixing of various social practices in the open association facilitates the cooperations between individuals along these lines upgrading quiet conjunction. The valuation for the different arrangements of these societies in the association fundamentally helped in settling different social anarchies ruined the accomplishment of targets. Questioner: How can social decent variety advance worldwide mix? Interviewee: Cultural varieties give a chance to encountering an alternate taste of life. The valuation for social decent variety gives a premise to building up a shared belief for understanding the uniqueness of the world’s networks. This situation supports the mix of worldwide networks. Moreover, it realizes social digestion and ingestion, which gives a st ructure to the advancement of present day social foundations. Questioner: For that reason, do you think the individual societies are getting less imperative to us? Interviewee: With the rising social digestion, individuals have received different societies. The duplicating of practices has been related with the absence of energy about individual societies. Others see that a few societies are better as analyzed than theirs. All things considered, individuals ought to figure out how to acknowledge and protect their societies to abstain from losing their uniqueness. Examination The social decent variety and peculiarity we encountered in the past might be nearly elimination due to digestion. In any case, the decent variety unites the encounters and view of various individuals from different pieces of the world (Bartikowski Walsh, 2015). Decent variety outperforms the ethical goals that are held in many associations. Surely, Tierney (2007) certifies that it has become a worldwide need th at ties differing common social orders. Conversation With social and assorted variety on the planet, more noteworthy accomplishments are accomplished. For example, the individuals profit by the mutual encounters that emerge from worldwide mix (Tierney, 2007). Individuals have various convictions about the presence of various societies over the world. The uniqueness related with these varieties assists people with review circumstances with alternate points of view. As indicated by Andrevski et al. (2014), multiculturalism gives the best condition to individual, group, and hierarchical development. For example, social assorted variety advances the materialness of various ways to deal with different issues since it supports the improvement of powerful critical thinking methods (Kottak, 2011). The two chiefs and workers should assume a basic job in the advancement of assorted variety esteems. Andrevski et al. (2014) proposes that decent variety esteems ought to be lined up with the hier archical systems. The meeting shows that the advantages harvested from decent variety and social embracement are significant for representative inspiration. Realizing There is a need to save social decent variety in the advanced world since it is central to the arrangement of a wide scope of gifts to associations. With conferences realized by this assorted variety, it is conceivable to make decisi

Computer-Based Career Information Systems Essay -- Technology Internet

PC Based Career Information Systems The aphorism data is power can surely be applied to the marriage of vocation data with PCs. In a time that is described by a quickly changing business and word related standpoint, the capacity to get to modernized profession data has been enabling to both youth and grown-ups (Bloch 1989; Tice and Gill 1991). Characterized as every one of that individuals need to know to settle on decisions and make a move . . . according to their paid or unpaid word related exercises and corresponding to their groundwork for these exercises (Bloch 1989, p. 120), vocation data incorporates information about word related territories and explicit occupations; data about profession arrangement and where to get reasonable instruction and preparing; realities about business, including workplaces and suitable employment conduct; quest for new employment abilities; and self-information, for example, singular interests, qualities, and requirements. PCs are a perfect mode for conveying profession data since th ey can introduce current data impartially in an intelligent configuration that is speaking to numerous customers (Harris-Bowlsbey 1992). Two classes of mechanized frameworks that give data to vocation arranging are PC based profession direction frameworks (CCGS) and PC based profession data frameworks (CCIS) (Harris-Bowlsbey 1992; Mariani 1995-96). Despite the fact that CCIS and CCGS share some basic highlights, they contrast in two significant ways: CCIS give nearby work advertise data, while CCGS show vocation advancement ideas on the web (Harris-Bowlsbey 1992). Direction advisors as often as possible use CCIS related to customers, however youth and grown-ups oftentimes get to CCIS autonomously to acquire profession data. This Digest center... ...t: Concepts and Practices. second ed., altered by H. D. Lea and Z. B. Leibowitz. Alexandria, VA: National Career Development Association, 1992. Mariani, M. PCs and Career Guidance: Ride the Rising Tide. Occupational Outlook Quarterly 39, no. 4 (Winter 1995-1996): 16-27. National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee. Profession Information Delivery Systems. <http://www.profiles.iastate.edu/ided/ncdc/cidstogo.htm> May 1996. Phelan, T. D. Utilizing Technology to Provide Self-Directed Learning Options for Power Utility Employees. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education no. 64 (Winter 1994): 55-61. Tice, K. E., and Gill, S. J. Training Information Centers: An Evaluation. Journal of Career Development 18, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 37-50. Sites Link Job-Hunters with Career Possibilities. Columbus Dispatch, May 24, 1996, p. 3F.

The Epic of Gilgamesh - Free Essay Example

Antique history depict various accounts,some made on a fantasy and some reliant on reality. Old Mesopotamia has a great deal of stories and tragically parcel of these accounts revolve around a man named Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh, is about a current mans life story. All through the story, Gilgamesh fights with the possibility of his own mortality and decreases to believe that his life will achieve an end. Being 66% god, he considers himself to be a celestial taking after creature. In the long run in any case, Gilgamesh gets knowledge on his voyage to discover vast and awful that comprehends that his goal is unimaginable. His alarming perspective obliges him to recognize his most exceedingly horrendous fear that sooner or later he will keep running into death. The author presents Gilgamesh in the past, the high dividers of the city he constructed are as of now old. In the meantime, he proposes that the story is in Gilgameshs very own words, and that the unbelievable ruler himself recorded it. Gilgameshs story remembers authentic individuals and deeds, and in the meantime, Gilgameshs section through courage, sadness, and insight is a ceaseless, all inclusive procedure. The tale of Gilgamesh is both immortal and quick. In Gilgameshs youth, he was a ruler and was, for the most part, idolized by the inhabitants of the city of Uruk. At the present time, passing did not concern him. He lived just as he were resistant. Later in the epic, a persuasive man named Enkidu shows up in Uruk and helps put Gilgameshs ability into leveling. Together Enkidu and Gilgamesh set out on encounters and achieve various achievements; regardless, one cant ignore why Enkidu was put forth in any defense. Enkidu was sent to Gilgamesh since his ability was surpassing its cutoff points and Gilgamesh would not disregard women. Despite the fact that an outstanding ruler, Gilgamesh is at one point portrayed as an asking for ruler that ignores the wants of his subjects and ambushes women anyway he sees fit. In such way, does Gilgamesh quality relentlessness regardless? This more significant philosophical request must be tended to before one begins to fathom why everlasting status is a trouble for Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh may have made this request, which may have affected him to consider his own one of a kind benefit of being undying. These reflection sort out his fear that he would fail miserably basically like the all inclusive community he unfeelingly driven over. Toward the days end, the uncertainty of his moral quality may have driven his central goal for his substainable youth.

Flatbussh Shipyard Case - 1360 Words

Case study 2: Flatbush Shipyards, Inc. Case Summary: Flatbush Shipyards, Inc. has just received a substantial increase in backlog orders from the U.S. Navy. In relation, some issues arise concerning an alteration of the current dividend rate. The current EPS of the company is now $14-$15. Historically, the dividend payout ratio mounts to an average 50%. So, the company expects payout the payout in 1959 to be $7/share. In the previous year the dividend rate was cut from $1.3 to $1.2 per share. But after the new deal, the CEO proposed a hike in the quarterly payout to $1.6 per share from the $1.2 given at present. The CEO even suggested the dividend rate to be propped up to $1.80 in 1960. One thing to mind is that the†¦show more content†¦Another objective that Mr David has is to change the structure of capital holders, considering that 47% of the shares are owned by brokers and security dealers, by transforming the company’s share into a less speculative one. In order to maintain the dividend stable across years, he had the idea of creating a funded dividend reserve to compensate stockholders in bad years, which we consider a good idea to achieve his aim, although we can ask if instead of giving the money to stockholders in bad years, why don’t they give the money now and let the investors decide for themselves. Of course, this is dependent on the investor’s wishes and naturally on the investments opportunities. Question Number Two The first objection is related to the fact that this is a totally new approach concerning dividend policy, and nobody can predict what is going to happen. We consider that this may have positive effects on share prices, especially taking in consideration that it will stabilise the market price of the company. Another objection refers to the fact of creating a funded dividend reserve. The point is why have so much free cash flows if there aren’t any investments opportunities and eventually the money will go to the stockholders anyway. This can be a very good remark that must be taken in consideration. The third objection (â€Å"leading the country along the disastrous road to socialism†) seems to be totally out of context, that can’t be taken seriously

Framing Energy Security between Russia and South Korea by She Hyun Ahn Article

Essays on Framing Energy Security between Russia and South Korea by She Hyun Ahn Article The paper "Framing Energy Security between Russia and South Korea by She Hyun Ahn" is an outstanding example of an article on politics. For several years, South Korea and Russia have been involved in fuel and energy projects having Russia as the producer and South Korea, the consumer and distributor.One of the biggest projects was the Kovykta PNG project which started in December 1997. The original plan was to build pipelines and deliver natural gas from Eastern Siberia to the participating countries: Japan, China, Mongolia, and South Korea who proposed North Korea to be also part of the project. Although this has been a very promising project, the hopes of providing one-third of South Korea’s annual fuel demand in 30 years was suspended. This was because of the new nationalist views that Russia should prioritize Russian consumers and protect its natural resources. The Kovykta project with South Korea was discontinued (Ahn 593).The Sakhalin gas project has been the first succe ssful energy project between Russia and South Korea. Sakhalin has produced 60M barrels of oil that were exported to seven countries. In a signed contract, Sakhalin Energy has agreed to provide 1.5 metric tons of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to South Korea. It is now the closest source of LNG, taking only two to three days for delivery. Because of the good quality of Sakhalin’s crude oil, South Korea has also been importing this for the production of diesel and kerosene (595).Other projects between South Korea and Russia included: (i) a $38B project between LG (South Korea) and Tafnet (Russia) to construct an oil refinery in Tatarstan; (ii) a $50M deal by Vneshtong bank to finance acquisition of Korean equipment by Russian companies, and; (iii) a $250M agreement between Rosnef and Korea for the exploration of West Kamchatka and Sakhalin Island for oil reserves (595).Despite these projects and agreements, bilateral energy security between the two nations is still being stagnant of the lack of government policies regarding the energy market infrastructure. For example, projects located in the trans-border will not materialize if the states around the border will not cooperate. Also, there is a lack of mutual trust between the two countries. South Korea has a few energy specialists that are capable of solving government-related issues. Thus, the Korean policymakers had only been occupied with short-term projects instead of eyeing for longer terms. South Korean investors were also doubtful in investing in Russia’s fuel supply because the other side had failed to provide legal and infrastructural evidence to attract investors (603).Providing gas and oil to South Korea would promote growth to Russia’s economy. On the other hand, Russia’s resources would provide answers to South Korea’s energy shortage. However, in order to create a functional oil and gas pipeline, a multilateral instead of bilateral energy cooperation project should take place between Japan, China, Korea and Russia (606). Discussion Questions:1. Why was the Kovykta project discontinued?2. What project was the most successful between South Korea and Russia?3. What are the other deals signed between South Korea and Russia?4. What are the problems of a bilateral energy cooperation project?5. How can a gas and oil pipeline be a plausible system?

Effects of stress to the college students free essay sample

74. 9% of ASU students reported experiencing stress within the last school year. 27. 4% of ASU students reported that stress affected their academic performance. 29. 6% of ASU students reported that being overcommitted affected their academic performance. 27. 3% of ASU students reported that being overcommitted had a high or very high effect on their stress levels. ASU students reported the following items as having a high or very high affect on their stress level within the last school year: 36. 6% academic responsibilities 27. 3% being overcommitted 21. 2% career-related issues 20. 4% financial concerns 17. 6% personal emotional issues American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessent: Arizona State University Spring 2011. Baltimore: American College Health Association; Spring 2011 (n=1,748) Stress Stress is the way we react or respond physically, mentally, and/or emotionally to various conditions, changes, and demands of life. The stress we experience is rooted in the â€Å"fight or flight† response, during which our bodies undergo physical changes that prepare us to respond to an exciting or dangerous situation. Once the situations has passed or is under control, our stress response subsides, allowing us to relax. However, the constant demands of academic or personal life can prevent us from becoming fully relaxed and can lead to stress overload. Top Stressors for ASU Students Stressors are demands from the internal (self) or external (environment) that have the potential to produce stress. Factors or events, either real or imagined, can create a state of stress. Stressors can generally be divided into two classes: Ongoing everyday chronic stressors Isolated or major events Ongoing everyday chronic stressors for college students can be grouped into the following categories: School Time Money Relationships Ongoing everyday chronic stressors for college students can be grouped into the following categories: Leaving home Balancing changing roles: student, employee, child, significant other The Good and Bad of Stress While not all students report that stress affects their academic performance negatively, stress-related behaviors and conditions, such as sleep difficulties, anxiety and depression are cited by ASU students as factors that impede academic performance. Most students at ASU experience stress-related symptoms such as feeling overwhelmed, feeling exhausted not from physical activity and feeling very sad. Such feelings are common in college life and many students are able to manage their stress and reduce these stress symptoms. Some students struggle more with stress. These students experience feelings of distress, such as feeling so depressed it is difficult to function and seriously considering and/or attempting suicide. These feelings are not common and are an indication that the student is in need of assistance from family, friends, and professional staff. Stress is not always bad and can be motivating and energizing. Stress about school can motivate students to study to achieve the grades they desire. Being strapped for money can motivate students to work harder to get a promotion or a better paying job. Relationship conflicts or stress in a relationship can motivate students to build communication skills. Having a busy schedule can motivate students to prioritize and clear up their calendar for important activities. Symptoms of Stress May Include Difficulty focusing or concentrating Increased anxiety Frustration Moodiness or change in temperament General irritability Feeling out of control or overwhelmed Restlessness or fatigue A change in behavior or routines Managing Stress Developing healthy coping skills is important to stress management. Healthy habits can reduce stress overload. Be sure you are getting enough sleep, taking time for fun and relaxation, prioritizing physical fitness and health eating and practicing effective time management strategies. Prioritize, take charge, and be flexible when confronted with challenges. Develop your skills: communication skills, study and writing skills, test taking skills can all assist in lowering stress levels. Manage your time: Use a planner to schedule class work and keep track of upcoming deadlines. Regulate your emotions: Recognize that feeling strong emotions is not bad but normal. Find ways to lower anger and frustration such as counting to 100, saying the ABC’s and positive self talk. Use healthy coping strategies: be physically active, read an enjoyable book, get a massage, etc. Avoid coping strategies that put your safety in jeopardy such as driving dangerously, consuming alcohol or using other substances that can impede judgment and health. Implement a relaxation practice: deep breathing, yoga, meditation, anything that helps your mind and body relax. Stress Management Links Resources for Stress Management College Student’s Stressful Events Skills Checklist Personal Wellness Profileâ„ ¢ Online Health Assessment – Mental Health Score Online Wellness Center â„ ¢How Stressed Are You Online Quiz For more information about Stress Management, please contact [emailprotected] edu. ASU Wellness Wellness Home About Us Alcohol E-CHECKUP Alcohol-Wise Consent and Respect Employee Wellness Events Find Help and Support Get Involved Marijuana E-CHECKUP Online Wellness Centerâ„ ¢ Personal Wellness Profileâ„ ¢ Education, Information Table and Special Requests Staff Well Devils Update Wellness Topics Wellness Posters My ASU Find all your personalized information related to ASU in one place. admission freshman transfer international readmission graduate law counselor and teacher resources paying for college costs financial aid scholarships tuition billing residency academics majors registration asu bookstore tutoring advising records grades course catalog graduation life at asu asu events health wellness housing dining clubs activities safety student support transportation jobs careers career services sun devil careerlink student employment graduate research teaching as Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Stress The College Student Many people experience stress as they combine busy lives and the demands of study and or work while trying to also save time for friends and family.. For some people,, stress becomes almost a way of life.. We all experience episodic stress – getting ready for a major exam,, completing an important paper,, perhaps getting ready for an important interview.. However,, a continuous â€Å"â€Å"state†Ã¢â‚¬  of stress should not become a way of life.. We know that stress – over a prolonged period of time – can have increase certain health risks,, to say nothing of the wear and tear that happens to relationships and general wellbeing.. This simple guide uses materials adapted from several college campuses with active stress reduction programs.. It explores the origins of stress and provides some basic ways to assess the level of stress you may be feeling and then suggests some easytoincorporate ways to decrease the level of stress.. WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is simply the bodys non-specific response to any demand made on it. Stress is not by definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. Stress provides the means to express talents and energies and pursue happiness; it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological; heart attacks and accidents. The important Recognizing Stress The following are indicators that you may be experiencing stress. ^ General irritability ^ Elevated heart rate ^ Increased blood pressure ^ Increased accident proneness ^ Floating anxiety-anxious feeling for no specific reason ^ Trembling ^ Insomnia ^ Headaches ^ Indigestion ^ Pain in neck and/or lower back ^ Changes in appetite or sleep pattern Thing to remember about stress is that certain forms are normal and essential. As the body responds to various forms of physical or psychological stress, certain predictable changes occur. These include increased heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and secretions of stimulatory hormones. These responses to stress will occur whether the stress is positive or negative in nature. In lay terms, it is known as the fight or flight mechanism. Continual exposure lowers the bodys ability to cope with additional forms of psychological or physiological stress. The results of continuing stress may cause disruption in one or more of the following areas of health: physical, emotional, spiritual and/or social. Stress is a process that builds. It is more effective to intervene early in the process rather than later. Try to become aware of the signs that suggest the process has begun. Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 1 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 2 COMMON STRESSORS IN COLLEGE LIFE INCLUDE: ? Greater academic demands ? Being on one’s own in a new environment – with new responsibilities ? Changes in family relations and one’s social life ? Financial responsibilities ? Exposure to new people, ideas, and temptations ? Being away from home, often for the first time ? Making decisions, on a higher level than one is used to ? Substance abuse ? Awareness of one’s sexual identity and orientation ? Preparing for life after graduation ? Psychological make-up can also play a role in vulnerability to depression. People who have low self-esteem, who consistently view themselves and the world with pessimism, or are readily overwhelmed by stress may be especially prone to depression. TAKING STRESS SERIOUSLY For many young adults, college is the best time of life. These critical years of adjustment can also be undermined by depression, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders. Researchers are finding that many mental illnesses are traced to trauma, whose damage surfaces in times of stress and change, such as the college years. The statistics listed below are evidence that stress in ourselves or in someone about whom we care – should be taken and treated seriously. College students are feeling more overwhelmed and stressed than fifteen years ago, according to a recent UCLA survey of college freshman. More than 30% of all college freshman report feeling overwhelmed a great deal of the time. Thirty-eight percent of college women report feeling frequently overwhelmed. Depression affects over 19 million adults in the US annually. At colleges nationwide, large percentages of college students are feeling overwhelmed, sad, hopeless and so depressed that they are unable to function. In a recent national college health survey, 10% of college students had been diagnosed with depression. Women, who tend to be more forthcoming (or are less stigmatized) in seeking treatment for depression, recorded a rate of 13%. Anxiety disorders affect millions of adults every year, and anxiety levels among college students have been rising since the 1950s. In 2000, 7% of college students reported experiencing anxiety disorders within the previous year. Women are five times as likely to have anxiety disorders. Eating disorders affect 5-10 million women and 1 million men, with the highest rates occurring in college-aged women. Advantaged, white women are at the highest risk. Suicide is the eighth leading cause of death among the US population, the third leading cause of death for all those aged 15-24, and the second leading cause of death in college populations. Individuals who are stressed are more likely to have accidents – including those involving motor vehicles, and, to be more careless with seatbelt use. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 7. 8% of men and 12. 3% of women ages 18-24 report frequent mental distress – a key indicator for depression and other mental disorders. Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 3 HOW DO YOU RESPOND TO STRESS? (From N A S Database, ‘Stress Management for the Health of It’) Stress affects us on many levels. The following is a list of stress symptoms that are the most typical reactions to stress. Go through and check all that apply. Next, go through and circle the ones that occur the most frequently. Physical __ headaches __ accident-prone __ fatigue __ teeth grinding __ insomnia __ restlessness __ weight change __ increased alcohol, drug, tobacco use __ colds __neck and shoulders tighten up/ache __ digestive upsets __ pounding heart Mental __ forgetfulness __ confusion __ dull senses __ lethargy __ poor concentration __ no new ideas __ low productivity __ boredom __ negative attitude Emotional __ anxiety __ irritability __ the â€Å"blues† __ depression __ moods swings __ nervous laugh __ bad temper __ worrying __ crying spells __ easily discouraged Social __ isolation __ lowered sex drive __ resentment __ nagging __ loneliness __ fewer contacts with friends __ lashing out __using / manipulating people __ clamming up Study your list. Which of your reactions cause you the most concern? Did any patterns surface? Can you name one effective way of coping with each of your stress reactions? [If you need ideas here, look at the next few pages of this article. ] After you recognize the stress reactions and patterns and your best coping mechanisms. you can then create a stress management program to address the stressors in your life. If, after you complete this informal assessment, you want to know more about the origins of your stress, the College Readjustment Rating Scale on the last page of this resource can give your some indicators. Remember it is very important to seek professional help if you are struggling! Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities STRESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES (suggestions from Indiana University Health Center) Following are tips on how to maintain a healthier lifestyle and to prepare you to cope with the stress of everyday living. Structure each day to include a minimum of 20 minutes of aerobic exercise. Eat well-balanced meals, more whole grains, nuts, fruits and vegetables. Substitute fruits for desserts. Avoid caffeine. The substance may aggravate anxiety, insomnia, nervousness and trembling. Reduce refined sugars. Excess sugars cause frequent fluctuation in blood glucose levels, adding stress to the bodys physiological functioning. Reduce alcohol and drugs. These substances may add to headaches, swelling, decrease coping mechanisms, and add to depression. Get at least 7 hours of sleep nightly. Spend time each day with at least one relaxation technique imagery, daydreaming, prayer, yoga or meditation. Take a warm bath or shower. Go for a walk. Get in touch! Hug someone, hold hands, or stroke a pet. Physical contact is a great way to relieve stress. Some additional suggestions for reducing stress levels and enhancing your college experience: ? Keep your space and consequently your mind organized. ? Go to class. ? Keep up with course work (the rule of thumb is two hours of study per one hour in class). ? Get involved with campus activities. ? Maintain communication with your family. ? Take advantage of campus resources and choose a career path. ? Form healthy relationships. ? Talk to someone about your problems (family member, friend, college counselor). ? Get to know your professors. Still not convinced you can do anything to reduce your level of stress? If your response to these tips is, â€Å"oh sure. † When and how do I incorporate one more thing into my already busy life, read on. Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 4 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities HOW TO STAY STRESSED A TONGUE –N-CHEEK APPROACH [adapted from Stanford University Campus Health Center] Apparently, some students enjoy stress. Are these benefits appealing? Stress helps you seem important. Anyone as stressed as you must be working very hard and, therefore, is probably doing something very crucial. It helps you to maintain personal distance and avoid intimacy. Anyone as busy as you certainly cannot be expected to form emotional attachments to anyone. And lets face it, you are not much fun to be around anyway. It helps you avoid responsibilities. Obviously, you are too stressed to be given any more work. This gets you off the hook for all the mundane chores; let someone else take care of them. It helps you avoid success. Why risk being successful when by simply staying stressed you can avoid all of that? Stress can keep your performance level low enough that success will not ever be a threat. Stress also lets you keep your directive style Just do what I say! is generally permissible under crisis conditions. If you maintain a permanently stressed crisis atmosphere, you can justify telling folks what to do all the time. Advice for folks who do not already have enough stress in your life Here are a few more clinically proven methods to stay stressed or to increase your stress level. Never exercise. Exercise wastes a lot of time that could be spent worrying. Eat, drink and smoke anything you want. If cigarette smoke cannot cleanse your system, a balanced diet is not likely to do it either. Gain weight. Work hard at staying at least 25 pounds over your recommended weight. Take plenty of stimulants. The old standards of caffeine, nicotine, sugar, and cola will continue to do the job just fine. Avoid soft, sensitive woo-woo practices. Ignore the evidence suggesting that prayer, meditation, yoga, deep breathing, and/or mental imaging help to reduce stress. The work ethic is good for everyone, always! Get rid of your social support system Let the few friends who are willing to tolerate you know that you concern yourself with friendships only if you have time, and you never have time. If a few people persist in trying to actively care about you, avoid them. Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities 5 Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities 6 Personalize all criticism. Anyone who criticizes any aspect of your work, family, dog, room, house, or car is mounting a personal attack. Do not take time to listen, be offended, and then return the attack! Throw out your sense of humor. Staying stressed is no laughing matter, and it should not be treated as one. Males and females alike be macho – or al least stoic! Never, never ever ask for help, and if you want it done right, do it yourself! Become a workaholic. Put work before everything else, and be sure to take work home evenings and weekends. Keep reminding yourself that vacations and time off are for sissies. Discard good time management skills and work/study boundaries. Schedule in more activities every day than you can possibly get done and then worry about it all whenever you get a chance. Procrastinate. Putting things off to the last second always produces a marvelous amount of stress. Worry about things you cannot control Worry about the stock market, earthquakes, the approaching ice age, you know, all the big issues. Become not only a perfectionist but set impossibly high standards And either beat yourself up, or feel guilty, depressed, discouraged, and/or inadequate when you do not meet them. AN ANALYTICAL LOOK AT STRESS The College Readjustment Rating Scale is a Rutgers University (Health Services)* adaptation of Holmes and Rahes Life Events Scale. It has been modified for college age adults and should be considered as a rough indication of stress levels that can have possible health consequences. Using the College Readjustment Rating Scale – on the following page, each event, such as ones first term in college, is assigned a value that represents the amount of readjustment a person has to make as a result. To determine your stress score, circle the number of points corresponding to the events you have experienced in the past six months or are likely to experience in the next three months. Then add up the circled numbers and record your answer in the total column. *http://healthnet. rutgers. edu/stress/stressed_out. asp [accessed June 22, 2004] Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities 7 Event Points Death of spouse 100 Female unwed pregnancy 92 Death of a parent 80 Male partner in unwed pregnancy 77 Divorce 73 Death of a close family member 70 Death of a close friend 65 Divorce between parents 63 Jail term 61 Major personal injury or illness 60 Marriage 55 Fired from a job 50 Loss of financial support from college 48 Failing grade in important or required class 47 Sexual difficulties 45 Serious argument with significant other 40 Academic probation 39 Change in major 37 New love interest 36 Increased workload from college 31 Outstanding personal achievement 29 First term in college 28 Serious conflict with instructor 27 Lower than expected grades 25 Change in college (transfer) 24 Change in social activities 22 Change in sleeping habits 21 Change in eating habits 19 Minor violations of the law (e. g. traffic ticket) 15 Total 1. Persons with scores of 300 and higher have a high health risk and might consider seeking professional assistance to manage stress. 2. Persons scoring between 150 and 300 have about a 50 50 chance of serious health change within two years and may want to do frequent stress self checks to be certain they are coping as well as they think they are. 3. People scoring 150 and below have a 1 in 3 chance of a serious health change, but should still consider stress reduction activities. Everyone should consider retaking this survey every so often to determine your health risk. Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities 8 CREATIVE VISUALIZATION AND SIMULATION If you are beginning to think there might be something to this â€Å"stress† stuff, the exercise that follows cou d be helpful – either for you to use as an individual, or perhaps something that could be incorporated into a group of which you are a part. Yes, this is the woo-woo thing. l Setting the Scene Many accomplished artistic performers, successful corporate types, victorious athletes seem to have a common ability. They prepare themselves mentally for any challenge they encounter. The performance in the face of these challenges often seems effortless. The reason it appears effortless is that these individuals have practiced the skill over and over in their mind hundreds of times. They have seen themselves perform flawlessly and that becomes their self-fulfilling prophecy. The power of visualization is so strong that is has been found to influence our physiology at a microbiological level. The literature is full of examples of controlled studies where visualization has been used to enhance both physiology and performance. Many readily available commercial relaxation tapes use examples of guided imagery to help people relax. If one can create a visual scene of relaxation the body will adjust accordingly. For some, this is an effective technique. However, visualization for relaxation often works best when individuals are able to create their own relaxing scenes. Not everyone is relaxed by floating on waves or in the clouds. If you want to use visualization for relaxation, imagine being in the most pleasant environment you have ever known. Re-create that special place as vividly as possible. Once created – go there with your any and all of your sensory apparatus – see that place, feel that place, hear the sounds of that place and close your mind to competing thoughts and worries. Stay in that place for as long as possible. You might wish to combine the visualization with some simple relaxation techniques. If you are lying flat, once you have reached a comfortable place, beginning with your toes, relax your muscles. Work upward, ankles, knees, hips abdomen, diaphragm, go out your arms to your fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck and finally let your head be suspended. Positive Affirmations Another way of relieving stress through gaining better control of your environment is through positive self-talk. It is difficult if not impossible to visualize positive outcomes if your self-talk is negative. The mind will believe what you tell it. It is important to combine visualization exercises with positive affirmations. Poor performers and those with a negative self-image tend to be self-depreciating. If you consistently tell yourself you cannot do something, you will be very surprised if you are successful. Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities 9 It can be very difficult to change negative self talk if this is part of your personality, part of who you are, or part of the message system that you received form parents or other significant adults as you were growing up. Often when people try to change, they end up putting themselves down even more each time they catch themselves saying something negative. For example, â€Å"I should have done better on that exam, I am so dumb sometimes. There I go criticizing myself again, I’m such a loser†. Rather than trying to eliminate negative self-talk, try to reduce it by replacing it with positive phrases you have practiced saying to yourself. This is not easy and often people will feel silly and phony using affirmations (i. e. , Stuart Smalley from SNL, â€Å"Youre good enough, youre smart enough and gosh darn it, people like you†). If someone has spent her/his whole life listening to negative scripts, it is unlikely that they will immediately believe the positive statements they make. It takes time and practice. Following are some suggestions for the use of positive affirmations. Use phrase affirmations using the first person singular and in the present tense when possible. Take ownership of the statement. For example, â€Å"I am †, â€Å"I can † Use phrase affirmations in the most positive way possible. Avoid the use of words like â€Å"no†, â€Å"don’t†, and â€Å"not† in your affirmations. This is very important because the brain is not capable of visualizing a negative action. If you are trying to visualize yourself â€Å"not† doing something, you must visualize yourself doing that action. Try visualizing â€Å"don’t eat the cookie. † The right side of your brain is predominately visual; the left side is logical and literal. In many ways, they do not communicate very well. If you are practicing self-hypnosis, all suggestions should be positive. To illustrate this, ask someone to do exactly as you say, then tell him or her to close their eyes and not think about what their hands are doing. If you ask them, they will tell you when you asked them not to think of their hands, they thought of their hands. Your visual brain cannot understand the word not. If you are taking an exam, or preparing to give a speech, or going for job interview, or asking someone for a date, if you say, â€Å"don’t get stressed out†, you are creating a picture of someone who is stressed out. If you say, â€Å"I feel calm and relaxed, I am confidant and alert† then you are creating an image of someone who is relaxed and confident. The implications of this can be profound. If you are giving instructions to someone, tell people what you want them to do, not what you do not want them to do. Make affirmations short, simple and clear. Brevity furthers. Long complex statements are more difficult to internalize. Use as many senses as possible in affirmations and visualizations. Verbalize statements aloud after writing them down. Better yet, watch yourself and listen to yourself say these statements while standing in front of a mirror. When you visualize your performance, recreate as much of the scene as possible to create an accurate simulation. Imagine what it sounds like, what it feels like, smells like, etc. Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities 10 Make affirmations and visualizations emotional. Imagine what it will feel like to be happy, successful, powerful, self-assured. Visualize yourself experiencing these emotions. At the same time, work to eliminate statements of negative emotions from your life (e. g. , I’m tired, I’m sad/depressed, I’m lonely, I’m bored, I’m overwhelmed, etc. ). In summary, create an image of someone you want to become someone doing what you want to be doing and then continue to focus on that image. Figure out what you want to be able to say about yourself and then start saying it. A FINAL WORD ON STRESS If you are experiencing, or someone you know seems to be experiencing, stress that markedly affects or impairs functioning on a daily basis, seek professional help. Talk with a counselor. Talk with a health care professional. Talk with a pastor or chaplain. Stress The College Student  © ~ National Health Ministries ~ PC(USA) ~ Created 7.. 2004 / Rev.. 2.. 2006 Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities Stress The College Student Many people experience stress as they combine busy lives and the demands of study and or work while trying to also save time for friends and family.. For some people,, stress becomes almost a way of life.. We all experience episodic stress – getting ready for a major exam,, completing an important paper,, perhaps getting ready for an important interview.. However,, a continuous â€Å"â€Å"state†Ã¢â‚¬  of stress should not become a way of life.. We know that stress – over a prolonged period of time – can have increase certain health risks,, to say nothing of the wear and tear that happens to relationships and general wellbeing.. This simple guide uses materials adapted from several college campuses with active stress reduction

Theodore Roosevelt A Life Essays - Sons Of The American Revolution

Theodore Roosevelt: A Life Theodore Roosevelt: A Life, by Nathan Miller, is an extensive biography of Theodore Roosevelt's life. Theodore Roosevelt, who was born on October 27, 1858, later went on to become one of the most influential figures of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centaury. In addition to providing an extremely detailed biography of Roosevelt, Nathan Miller also shows the lifestyles and characteristics of the society in which Theodore was raised. This book carries much significance for many reasons. First, it may be based on factual instances, but it is not solely ?just the facts.? Theodore Roosevelt: A Life also draws attention to the emotions of the characters and their opinions, not just actions. Second, it provides an accurate image of America during Theodore Roosevelt's life. Miller begins by covering the latter part of Theodore Roosevelt Sr.'s life and the events precluding the birth of Teedie, as Theodore was known during his childhood, and his siblings. Theodore was a very sickly child. This is significant as it provides a sense of contrast to the strong powerhouse into which this ?sickly boy? evolves. Theodore, early in his life, travels with his family to Europe for several years. During his early teens, Theodore returns to his home city of New York. Miller then addresses Theodore's strong will to self-improve. The author mentions young Roosevelt's experiences with weightlifting and other physical exercise in an attempt to ?make his body.? This is a very key section of Theodore's youth because it demonstrates the power of Roosevelt's will. As Theodore approached adulthood, he attended Harvard and graduated with prestige. He was introduced to the political scene at an early age. Theodore Roosevelt also fought in the ?Rough Riders? Probably the most important thing is that Theodore Roosevelt achieved presidency. While there: he implemented the ?Big Stick? diplomacy; he assumed the responsibility of the Panama Canal; and he won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. Theodore Roosevelt: A Life was written in 1992, although it still accurately reflects the time period in which it takes place. It shows the obvious differences between then and now. An example is using coffee as an old-fashioned cure for asthma. Another is monopolies and their stranglehold on American society, business, and free trade. This is still a delicate issue even today due to the battle Theodore Roosevelt started a hundred years ago. Also, just because it takes place a centaury ago, does not mean that everything has changed. The rivalries and feuds still exist among political parties as it has for many years. Nathan Miller also examines this in reference to the struggle with Taft for the position of Republican party candidate. The central theme conveyed to the reader is most assuredly that one should strive to succeed and always attempt to self-improve. This is probably the biggest credo by which Theodore Roosevelt lived. As a boy, he tried to build up his strength and endurance by exercising. He worked tirelessly at Harvard to receive high marks. He struggled to have his voice heard politically. Since his father had told him to make his body as a child, Roosevelt had pushed himself to the limits to prove himself. When the opportunity to prove himself came in the form of a war, Roosevelt was entirely involved. Later, he accompanied McKinley, as the vice-president of the United States, and eventually, through the assassination of William McKinley, became president. Theodore Roosevelt was not like Gerald Ford, however. Roosevelt went on to be reelected based on his popularity and his accomplishments in office. Along with this, he led an active outdoor lifestyle. He would travel constantly to pursue big-game hunting. He had the confidence to form his own political party to rival Taft. These are all actions of a dedicated and driven man. Roosevelt seemed to live by the notion that ?life was meant to be lived.? He seemed to squeeze every drop out of his life, attempting not to miss anything. In a summation, Nathan Miller's Theodore Roosevelt: A Life is a truthful and accurate depiction of not only one man and his extraordinary life, but also the underlying strength that forced a small, sickly, asthmatic boy into a strong, intelligent and influential world leader. It was the power of Theodore Roosevelt's will that enabled him to do so, and

Is The Use Of Animals For Research Purposes Justified

Is The Use Of Animals For Research Purposes Justified Ethical Issues about the Use of Animals for Experiments Animals have been in use for experimentation for a  long time especially in the medical field where it has enabled scientists to discover and gain knowledge and understanding of the biological processes as to improvement the quality of human life. Despite the wide use of animal experimentation in scientific fields, it has become an ethical issue that has pitted the pro-experimentation and against the animal rights activists that have been strongly challenging not only the legality of the continued use of animals for experiments but also the ethics behind it. This paper presents different arguments for and against the use of animals for research purposes. The population of animals has been dropping drastically worldwide in the recent times. A report by Jarrod in 2010 shows that the chimpanzees population has dropped from 2 million to just about 150,000 in the recent years. The same applies to the population of rabbits that has dropped from over 3 billion to just about 1.5 million today. The use of an animal for scientific research has been cited as a major reason for the dramatic decline in these animals population and those of other animals, such as rats, pigs, sharks, and dogs among others. In the US, animals are widely used in scientific research, especially in testing products consumed by humans, as well as the effectiveness of certain drugs. Want to learn more? Go here: Torture Is Never Justified How to Write a Case Study? The Internet Has Been Overly Commercialized Is Science Atheistic?   Legalization of Marijuana Issue Animal Testing is Required by the Law Despite the growing trend in the use of animals for scientific research, there has been a growing debate from different quarters of the American society with one side in support and the other in opposition. Supporters of the use of animals for experiments argue that the use of animals for scientific research is a good thing because it enables the scientists to discover some of the useful information about products and drugs that help in advancing the quality of life of animals and humans. Proponents of experimentation maintain that animals such as chimpanzees, mice and cows have 99.4%, 99% and 90% genes similar to those of humans respectively. As such, using these animals that have the same organs and nerve system is useful in making discoveries on things such as drugs and how effective or dangerous they can be on humans before permitting them for humans. They cite the US laws requiring that all prescription drugs be tested on animals before they can be allowed for sale in the market .   This way, any danger with the prescription drug is detected in the animals and avoided for use in the humans because the life of a human is more valuable than that of an animal. Secondly, proponents of the use of animals for experimentation argue that animals have no rights as human beings. They maintain that unlike humans that have the ability to reason, animals have no right. Therefore, animals cannot make a moral claim or defend themselves in an intelligent manner. Additionally, proponents of the use of animals for experimentation maintain that because animals do not have respect for humans rights, there is nothing wrong with using them for experimentation purposes. Experimentation Helps to Discover Medicines for Animals Thirdly, those in support of the use of animals for experimentation maintain that the use of animals for experimentation has resulted in the discovery of better veterinary medicines and improved welfare of animals. They speak about the heartworm a drug that was discovered out of research conducted on animals and has since proved useful in helping save the lives of many dogs across the globe. Besides, they cite that animal research has resulted in the better understanding of nutrition for cats and the reasons why cats live much longer than other animals and maintain good health. Additionally, proponents of the animal research argue that man has dominion over all other creatures. As such, man has control over animals and can do research with them. They cite Genesis chapter 1:28, where after God has created everything and blessed them, God instructed man to be fruitful and multiply, as well as have dominion over all animals of land, air, and sea. Testing Causes Animals Pain and Suffering Despite the strong arguments in favor of animal research, animal activists have strongly opposed the continued use of animals for scientific research arguing that it causes a lot of pain and suffering to animals. As such, because the suffering caused to animals is so high, there is no justification for the benefits to humans. Secondly, animal rights activists have strongly opposed animal experimentation arguing that there has not been any proof of the benefits to human. Jarrod 2010 research, for instance, found that the research conducted on chimpanzees in an attempt to try to discover the medication for HIV did not provide any result despite the claim that chimpanzees share about 99.4% of DNA with humans. Unlike humans, chimpanzees do not develop AIDS after getting infected with HIV. Other opponents of animal research also argue that even other animals that share similar DNA features with humans do not provide reliable test because they might not react in the same way as humans would. As such, it is wrong to continue subjecting animals to pain and suffering in the name of science. In conclusion, animal use for research is a common practice all over the world. However, this practice is raising ethical issues that need to be addressed soberly. Experiments should not be conducted in the manner that causes a lot of harm and suffering to animals.

Coporate International Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coporate International Outsourcing - Essay Example The firms that are involved in the practice should take the decision to offshore work only after serious consideration. Some companies’ outsourcing decisions have backfired and they had to reconsider their outsourcing mission (Ren & Zhou, 2006). DELL was forced to move back its OptiPlex desktops and Latitude laptops in November 2003 from India after complaints from customers of language difficulties and delays in reaching senior technicians. Lehman Brothers too had to shift their call center operations back to the US from India after they received complaints of service quality. There basically seems to be a lack of understanding of the economics of outsourcing. The call center supply chain strategy has not been studied. There are various costs that are not considered and people merely take into account the direct labor costs. Moller (2006) says there is a trend to export jobs to where it is cheaper and low-cost economies in Asia are receiving all the jobs. This article points out the problems that the developed countries may face when jobs are offshored to less developed countries. The new labor-cost efficiencies may not last for long and this is the main reason why firms outsource. In India, in cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad, there is already a shortage of skills and above average salaries are required to obtain and retain them. The impact of outsourcing on the LDCs has prompted many countries to make efforts and capitalize on the opportunity. King (2007) discusses how new economies are opening and marketing their countries in a bid to get a slice of the outsourcing jobs. Estonia, for instance, has been able to offer a pool of talented, tech-savvy workers and a modern telecommunications infrastructure. According to King, the global market for shared services and outsourcing is expected to grow to $1.43 trillion by the end of 2009, from $930 billion in 2006. Many countries are joining in the competition and it is expected that India’s dominan ce in the outsourcing market would be diluted. The author gives the important factors that make and sustain a location as an attractive destination for outsourcing. Apart from costs, the other factors include the education and language skills of workers, the availability of labor, and attrition risk. Political and economic environment are equally important. To remain attractive, the LDCs have to invest in improving technology and infrastructure. The telecommunications infrastructure has to be modernized. Technology has to be used by these countries to transform economies. It also requires changes in policies and procedures. The protectionist attitude has to be done away with if a country wants the total support from the outsourcing company. Kenya wants to become an attractive IT outsourcing destination and it has to liberalize its telecom sector. This indirectly helps the LDCs as competition in any sector drives the prices down as Kenya found in its telecom prices. The shortfall of talented labor can be envisaged in each of the LDCs and this issue has to be addressed by such countries to remain sustainable.               Ã‚  

Defensive Developmentalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defensive Developmentalism - Essay Example The following script depicts Professor Gelvin’s findings on the defensive developmentalism study and the territories that practiced the approach, with the apparent reasons of assimilating the approach. According to Professor Gelvin, the approach revolved on military and economic prowess. Early in the 17th century, the western economies were fit in military and economic factors, which served as a threat ton the Middle East and North African nations (Kia, 2011). Therefore, the challenged regimes assumed that the best way to stand unchallenged against the rival European nations would be through the implementation of the same policies of leadership. Ottoman Empire and North African communities imply the earliest adapters to the system (Quataert, 2005). Their idea revolved on militarization with a stiff maintenance or improvement to the nations’ economic performance. ... The following recitation implements on the practices the two phenomena, that is, modernism and fundamentalism, with the successes and failures of each theory towards European encroachment. The Middle East empires were trailing behind their western counterparts in the 19th and 20th centuries. In order to clear retrogress, they shifted towards a favorable method of improvement thus they adapted to modernism in order to reshape their states. This would ignite industrialization and political stability as it was the key to stand firm against hostilities. The ottoman and Persian empires allowed the British and Russian aids and involvements in their territories respectively. The result was that the Islamic countries would drastically change their religious and cultural values. The continuous aggression of the European nations was not significant to the Islamic nations who focused on the advantages associated to the white nations. At the long run, the nations became colonies and the modernis m theory had not borne the desired fruits (Quataert, 2005). On the other hand, Islamic fundamentalism led to the restoration of the Islamic phase with a modified approach to political and economical environments. It emanated from the Christian protestant, but the Islams assumed it to imply a revolved approach to counter any future atrocities and cravings from the western colonial powers, with a consequential approach to economic and military competence. The theory was successful to shield the nations against aggression, although the western nations would at other times fund revolutions on the theoretical basis at their own advantage (Kia, 2011). Therefore, both modernism and fundamentalism had positive and negative

Friction and the Variables of Friction Using a Wooden Block Essay Example for Free

Friction and the Variables of Friction Using a Wooden Block Essay I am going to perform an experiment on friction and the variables of friction using a wooden block, a piece of string and a Newton meter. I will test 3 variables: weight, surface area and surface texture. Each test will be repeated 5 times to get a fair range of results. Friction is the force of two objects rubbing together and slowing and/or stopping each other. The amount of friction produced depends on the appearance of its surface for example: The surface of the sandpaper has deep slopes and the surface of the paper has to move up and down those slopes to proceed, causing friction. My first test will be done to measure the affect of weight on the amount of friction between the block and the table top. The block ill be placed on the table and the Newton meter tied to it. Then the Newton meter will be pulled until the block starts to move and as soon as it does the amount of Newtons required to cause that movement will be recorded. This will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will: use the same Newton meter and the same wooden block to avoid introducing other variables; I will also use the same section of table using the same side of the block every time. I will be vigilant of how I pull the Newton meter, the moving force should be parallel to the supporting surface because pulling it up will lessen friction and pulling it down will increase friction. I predict that as the weight on the block increases so therefore does the down force, increasing the amount of friction because it becomes more difficult for the ridges to pass over each and so a block with less/smoother ridges would find its passage a lot easier. When the experiment was carried out, as I predicted, when the weight on the block increased so therefore did the Newtons required to move it from a fixed position. The test was done with 2 Newton meters over 2 days. Using the same Newton meter was impossible as it broke. My results were as follows: Weight of block = 2.0N Weight T1(N) T2(N) T3(N) T4(N) T5(N) Average(N) Block 1.2 0.8 1 1 1 1 Block + 1N 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8 2 1.7 Block + 2N 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 Block + 3N 2.2 2 3 3.2 3.3 2.7 Block + 4N 2.6 2.6 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 Block + 5N 2.8 3.5 4 3.5 3.6 3.5 In the first experiment weight was tested and a set of results produced. In this second experiment the surface area in contact with the desk will be tested. To obtain my results I will use the following method, the block will be placed on two sheets of paper a measured distance apart with a Newton meter tied to it. The block will then be pulled and as it begins to move the amount of Newtons required to cause this will be recorded. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will; as the same Newton meter ensuring non-introduction of new variables, use the same side of the block, use the same two pieces of paper and make sure the blocks movement is parallel to the supporting surface. I predict that as the surface area of the block exposed to the desk increases so will the amount of Newtons required to move it because there will be more sharper ridges to pass over therefore requiring more Newtons. My results were as follows: Exp mm2 T(n) T2(n) T3(n) T4(n) T5(n) Avg(N) 11.3 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.88 22.6 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.92.72 33.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.08 45.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.06 56.5 1.1 1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.86 68.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.96 My prediction on 1 or 2 of the results was correct or partially correct but on the whole I fear my prediction was incorrect as it seems the surface area (exposed to the desk) does not greatly affect the amount of Newtons that is required to move it, any affect it does have is not continual and seemingly erratic. The friction experiment has now been done with 2 variables: weight and surface area. I have now come to the third and final, surface texture. To test the affect of surface texture on friction, I will, Place the block on the surface with a Newton meter tied to it, the meter will then be pulled and as soon as the block shows signs of movement I will record the amount of Newtons needed. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will: unless it breaks use the same Newton meter, I will use the same block and the same side of the block every time, I will use the same substance/type of substance for instance making sure the sandpaper comes from the same sheet. I will also keep the movement of the block parallel to the supporting surface. Although smoothness is hard to measure I predict that the smoother a substance is to the touch, the less friction will be produced, because the smoother a substance is to the touch the less sharp or outstanding the ridges are, therefore the less resistance they cause. Key Substances: Silicon based carbon paper: Si Emery paper: Bs Sand paper: S Table top: TT Plastic Bag: Pb Substance T1(N) T2(N) T3(N) T4(N) T5(N) Average Si 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 Bs 2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.64 S 2 2 1.75 2 2 1.95 TT 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.94 Pb 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 As I predicted the smoother a substance feels to be, the less it causes resistance, as shown in the results. I followed my method very strictly any variation caused by my hand is small to negligible, and would not greatly affect the results. I have come to the conclusion that for a substance to reach minimal resistance it can achieve this being light weight, smoothly textured and have minimal contacting surface area with the opposing surface. If a substance is required to have maximum resistance it would be the opposite. I feel the experiment was performed rather well but there is room for improvement, to have maybe got fairer more accurate results I could have maybe repeated the experiment once or twice on all of them, then I would have more data to analyse giving me a better chance at accuracy. In all the three experiments instead of using the human hand to pull the Newton meter use a machine which would be less prone to inconsistency and use a table top free of blemishes. In the second experiment the block could have been placed on previously constructed platforms each measured to have 4 sides the same and those sides to be the measurements used meaning the non need of paper and a lot more accurate readings.

Hinduism and Buddhism Essay -- Religion religious Compare Contrast Ess

Hinduism and Buddhism The concept of God It is first of all necessary to establish what is meant by the term "God". This term is used to designate a Supreme Being endowed with the qualities of omnipotence and omniscience, which is the creator of the universe with all its contents, and the chief lawgiver for humans. God is generally considered as being concerned with the welfare of his human creatures, and the ultimate salvation of those who follow his dictates. God is therefore a person of some kind, and the question whether such an entity exists or not is fundamental to all theistic systems. In contrast to this notion of a personal God some modern theologians have interpreted the term "God" as representing some kind of abstract principle of good. This view was first developed in the ancient Indian Upanishads where God is equated with an abstract principle, the Brahman. The ancient Indian philosophers could entertain such a view because they also had a theory of karma, which really does away with the need for a personal God. Buddhists too have a theory of karma, which is different from that of the Hindus, and which even more unequivocally dispenses with the need for a deity. The use of the term "God' to denote an abstract reality by monotheistic theologians who have no theory of karma is difficult to justify, consequently this is merely a device to explain away the contradictions that arise from the notion of a personal God. In fact the actual practice of theistic religion proceeds as if God is a real person of some kind or other. Buddhism Buddhist gods Buddhism has 33 Gods the most potent one of them all is Indra. It is Buddhist beliefs that the gods and spirits are with us persistently. The mountain Meru can be compared with mount Olympus of the Greek gods. Buddhists believe that on top of this sacred mountain are the 33 gods with Indra as their principal. Buddhism primary principal is moral strength and exercises. It is concluded in three regions. The first is the principles of lust, which belongs to the realm of animals, humans and various divine essences. The realm of the gods consists of six levels, which are the liberation of material desires. The subsequent region compromises entities that are born in the dominion of the Braham gods liberated from lust and wishes, they constitute a term of embodiment. They divide in four stages wh... ...e if one means by originality an idea or an utterance not found previously in any creed or philosophy, or never before inculcated by any moral and spiritual leader, then surely you cannot find it anywhere. Neither Abraham nor Moses nor Jesus nor Buddha nor Muhammed said anything that could not be found either in the religious tradition in which they were born or in creeds and philosophies in other times and places. Many of the great moral teachers often make a direct reference to others, and even if they do not, one can relate their ideas to something that has gone before. To Pernilla Thank you for being patient and I apologize for not turning it in the day I was to. Enjoy your trip. Sources: Internet www.hinduweb.com www.islam-guide.com www.buddhanet.com CD-ROM Encyclopedia Websters concise interactive Encyclopedia Printed in 1996 by Merriam-Webster Microsoft Encarta Uppslagsverk 2001 Printed in 2001 by Microsoft Corporation Books Religions for Today Authour: Roger Whiting Stanley Thornes Publisher Ltd Printed in 1991 The New Webster’s International Encyclopedia Revised Edition 1998 Edition and published by Trident Press International

Bill Gates: the Man Behind the Success of Microsoft

William Henry â€Å"Bill† Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former CEO and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third, in 2011 he was the wealthiest American and the second wealthiest person. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with 6. percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000. Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman

Overview of the Branches of Chemistry

There are several branches of chemistry. Here is a list of the main branches of chemistry, with an overview of what each branch of chemistry studies. Types of Chemistry Agrochemistry - This branch of chemistry may also be called agricultural chemistry. It deals with the application of chemistry for agricultural production, food processing, and environmental remediation as a result of agriculture. Analytical Chemistry - Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry involved with studying the properties of materials or developing tools to analyze materials. Astrochemistry - Astrochemistry is the study of the composition and reactions of the chemical elements and molecules found in the stars and in space and of the interactions between this matter and radiation. Biochemistry - Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical reactions that occur inside living organisms. Chemical Engineering - Chemical engineering involves the practical application of chemistry to solve problems. Chemistry History - Chemistry history is the branch of chemistry and history that traces the evolution over time of chemistry as a science. To some extent, alchemy is included as a topic of chemistry history. Cluster Chemistry - This branch of chemistry involves the study of clusters of bound atoms, intermediate in size between single molecules and bulk solids. Combinatorial Chemistry - Combinatorial chemistry involves computer simulation of molecules and reactions between molecules. Electrochemistry - Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that involves the study of chemical reactions in a solution at the interface between an ionic conductor and an electrical conductor. Electrochemistry may be considered to be the study of electron transfer, particularly within an electrolytic solution. Environmental Chemistry - Environmental chemistry is the chemistry associated with soil, air, and water and of human impact on natural systems. Food Chemistry - Food chemistry is the branch of chemistry associated with the chemical processes of all aspects of food. Many aspects of food chemistry rely on biochemistry, but it incorporates other disciplines as well. General Chemistry - General chemistry examines the structure of matter and the reaction between matter and energy. It is the basis for the other branches of chemistry. Geochemistry - Geochemistry is the study of chemical composition and chemical processes associated with the Earth and other planets. Green Chemistry - Green chemistry is concerned with processes and products that eliminate or reduce the use or release of hazardous substances. Remediation may be considered part of green chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry - Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the structure and interactions between inorganic compounds, which are any compounds that arent based in carbon-hydrogen bonds. Kinetics - Kinetics examines the rate at which chemical reactions occur and the factors that affect the rate of chemical processes. Medicinal Chemistry - Medicinal chemistry is chemistry as it applies to pharmacology and medicine. Nanochemistry - Nanochemistry is concerned with the assembly and properties of nanoscale assemblies of atoms or molecules. Nuclear Chemistry - Nuclear chemistry is the branch of chemistry associated with nuclear reactions and isotopes. Organic Chemistry - This branch of chemistry deals with the chemistry of carbon and living things. Photochemistry - Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with interactions between light and matter. Physical Chemistry - Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that applies physics to the study of chemistry. Quantum mechanics and thermodynamics are examples of physical chemistry disciplines. Polymer Chemistry - Polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry is the branch of chemistry the examines the structure and properties of macromolecules and polymers and finds new ways to synthesize these molecules. Solid State Chemistry - Solid state chemistry is the branch of chemistry that is focused on the structure, properties, and chemical processes that occur in the solid phase. Much of solid state chemistry deals with the synthesis and characterization of new solid state materials. Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy examines the interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength. Spectroscopy commonly is used to detect and identify chemicals based on their spectroscopic signatures. Thermochemistry - Thermochemistry may be considered a type of Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry involves the study of thermal effects of chemical reactions and the thermal energy exchange between processes. Theoretical Chemistry - Theoretical chemistry applies chemistry and physics calculations to explain or make predictions about chemical phenomena. There is overlap between the different branches of chemistry. For example, a polymer chemist typically knows a lot of organic chemistry. A scientist specializing in thermochemistry knows a lot of physical chemistry.